What is the Human System?
From the scientific point of view, the human body is a complex working machine that works round the clock. Similarly, the human body has different systems that work together and perform different important biological functions including breathing, circulation of blood, digestion of food, excretion, and reproduction, etc.
Additionally, in any particular human system, different organs perform certain activities together and hence make a specific system such as breathing and digestion, etc.
Which are the 12 Systems in the Human Body?
The systematic operation of the human body astonishes us to the core when we observe it deeply and scientifically. Similarly, the human body begins as a pair of cells (a zygote) and progresses through the formation of tissues, organs, systems, and ultimately an organism. Let's now read and know about 12 different systems in the human body that make our life possible.
- Cardiovascular System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Excretory System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Muscular System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Skeletal System
- Urinary System
What is the Cardiovascular System?
The cardiovascular system or blood circulatory system transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the lungs. After that, arteries carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body from the heart. The veins return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart to initiate blood circulation in the entire human body including the brain.
Similarly, the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries are all parts of the cardiovascular system. These parts make up the circulatory framework. Our body cells require a regular supply of oxygen to function. The heart is the most important organ in the human cardiovascular system.
What is the Digestive System?
The mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are all parts of the digestive system. It also includes the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands, which produce digestive juices and enzymes that aid in the digestion of food and liquids.
Assimilation is significant for separating the food into supplements, which the body utilizes for energy, development, and cell fix. Before nutrients are carried to cells throughout the body by the blood, food, and beverages must be broken down into smaller molecules. The stomach is the most important organ of the digestive system.
What is the Endocrine System?
The endocrine system is a messenger system that regulates distant target organs through feedback loops of hormones released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system. In vertebrates, the nerve center is the brain control place for every single endocrine framework.
The adrenal glands and the thyroid gland are the two major endocrine glands that make up the endocrine system in humans. Instead of passing through a duct, endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into interstitial spaces where they are absorbed by the blood.
The pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid, parathyroid, hypothalamus, and adrenal glands are the major endocrine glands. Neuroendocrine organs include the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.
What is the Excretory System?
The human excretory system is a relieving biological system that helps to maintain internal chemical homeostasis and protect the body from damage by removing excessive and unnecessary materials including feces from the body fluids. The elimination of metabolic waste products and the liquid and gaseous drainage of used-up and broken-down components from the body are the dual functions of excretory systems.
The majority of these substances are expelled from humans through sweating and, to a lesser extent, exhalation. The kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra are the primary organs that excrete waste.
What is the Integumentary System?
The set of organs that make up the human body's outermost layer is called the integumentary system. It consists of human skin and appendages, which serve as a physical barrier between the human internal environment and the external environment, protecting and maintaining the human body.
It is mostly the outer skin of the body. Scales, nails, hooves, and hair make up the integumentary system. It has different extra capabilities: It is the attachment site for sensory receptors that detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. It may also regulate body temperature, protect deeper tissues, excrete waste, and maintain the equilibrium of water levels.
What is the Lymphatic System?
In vertebrates, the lymphatic system, also known as the lymphoid system, is an organ system that is part of the immune system and works in conjunction with the circulatory system. A vast network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic or lymphoid organs, and lymphoid tissues make up this system.
Lymph, a clear fluid, is carried by the vessels back toward the heart for recirculation. The lymphatic system is open, in contrast to the closed circulatory system. Capillary filtration, which separates plasma from blood, is used to process an average of 20 liters of blood per day by the human circulatory system.
The immune system's defense is the other main function. In the same way that blood plasma does, lymph also contains proteins and waste products from cells as well as bacteria.
What is the Muscular System?
The strong framework is an organ framework comprising skeletal, smooth, and heart muscles. It regulates posture, allows for body movement, and circulates blood throughout the body. In vertebrates, the nervous system is responsible for controlling the muscular systems, though some muscles, like the cardiac muscle, can operate completely independently.
The musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for the body's movement, is formed by it and the skeletal system in humans. Muscle can be divided into three categories: cardiac or heart muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle. Muscles help the body stay warm and provide strength, balance, posture, and movement.
What is the Nervous System?
The brain, spinal cord, and intricate nerve network make up the human nervous system. The brain and the body exchange messages through this system. All body functions are controlled by the brain. The back is connected to the brain by the spinal cord. The nervous system is a highly complex part of the human body that sends signals to and from various parts of the body to coordinate its actions and sensory information.
What is the Reproductive System?
The biological system that consists of all of an organism's anatomical organs that are involved in sexual reproduction is known as the reproductive system or genital system. Fluids, hormones, and pheromones, among other non-living substances, are important reproductive system accessories.
In the female reproductive system, the male gamete, or sperm, and the female gamete, or egg, meet. A zygote (ZYE-goat) is a fertilized egg that occurs when sperm meets an egg. The process by which the zygote transforms into an embryo and grows into a fetus is called embryogenesis.
What is the Respiratory System?
The network of organs and tissues that aid in breathing is known as the respiratory system. It includes your lungs, blood vessels, and airways. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that power your lungs. In order to eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide and move oxygen throughout the body, these components collaborate.
The respiratory system is responsible for phonation, acid-base balance, gas exchange, pulmonary defense and metabolism, and the handling of bioactive substances. The lungs are the main organ of the respiratory framework.
What is the Skeletal System?
The internal framework of the human body is the human skeleton. At birth, it has approximately 270 bones; by adulthood, this number has decreased to approximately 206 after some bones fuse together. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton make up the human skeleton.
The vertebral column, rib cage, skull, and other associated bones make up the axial skeleton. The human skeleton carries out six significant roles: support, movement, safety, blood cell production, mineral storage, and endocrine regulation. Although the skull, dentition, long bones, and pelvis of humans differ slightly between sexes, the human skeleton is not as sexually dimorphic as that of many other primate species.
Within a given population, female skeletal components are typically smaller and less robust than their male counterparts. In order to make childbirth easier, the female human pelvis differs from the male one. Human males do not have penile bones, unlike most primates.
What is the Urinary System?
The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra make up the urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for the eventual removal of urine. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
Through the renal arteries, which exit the kidneys via the renal vein, the kidneys receive a significant amount of blood. Nephrons are the functional components that make up each kidney. Through blood filtration, the kidneys produce urine. After that, the ureters transport the urine to the bladder, where it is stored.
The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. In a healthy person, 800–2,000 milliliters (mL) of urine are typically produced daily. This quantity varies based on the amount of fluid consumed and kidney function.
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