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Why Does a Matter Change Its State?
Matter needs to change its state so that new things can be formed. For example, we need a change in the states of matter (liquid) to form clouds and start raining. Similarly, certain changes in the states of matter are so important for all living things including human beings.
All forms of matter (solids, liquids, gases, and plasma) change their state from one form to another naturally as well artificially. Similarly, the reasons behind these certain changes for all forms of matter are temperature, pressure, heat, and force. These changes happen in the form of melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, sublimation, and condensation.
From the Chemistry point of view, there are two main changes that are mentioned and explained below.
- Chemical Change
- Physical Change
What is a Chemical Change in Matter?
A chemical change involves the transformation of one material into another, the formation of new materials with distinct properties, and the formation of one or more new substances. It occurs when a substance joins forces with another to create a new one (synthesis or decomposition to create additional substances).
An example of a chemical change that leads to a chemical reaction is the oxidation reaction. Usually, they can't be changed unless there are more chemical reactions. Examples of chemical changes include the boiling of an egg, the burning of wood, and the ripening of fruits. Organic, inorganic, and biochemical change are the three types of chemical changes.
When a chemical reaction releases heat (energy) it is called an exothermic reaction (burning of wood) and when a chemical reaction requires energy it is called an endothermic reaction (boiling of an egg). A chemical change is mostly a permanent and irreversible change.
What is a Physical Change in Matter?
Physical change alters a chemical substance's physical form but not its chemical composition. Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that does not change their chemical composition.
Physical change is used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but they typically cannot be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds. This is in contrast to the idea of chemical change, which occurs when a substance's composition changes or when one or more substances combine with one another or break apart to form new substances.
Physical means can typically reverse a physical change. For instance, the melting of ice into the water can again be reversed by freezing water into ice again. A change in physical properties is part of a physical change. Melting, changing into a gas, changing strength, changing durability, changing crystal form, changing texture, shape, size, color, volume, and density are all examples of physical properties.
The process of tempering steel to produce a knife blade is an illustration of a physical change. The process of repeatedly heating and hammering a steel blank alters the steel's hardness, flexibility, and capacity to maintain a sharp edge. Physical changes are temporary and hence reversible.
Melting
Melting is the chemical process by which heat transforms a solid into a liquid. When a solid gains enough energy, its particles are able to break free from the bonding forces that keep them in place. Most of the time, when the material is melting, the particles first start to move around, staying close to their neighbors before moving more freely.
Freezing
When a liquid's temperature drops below its freezing point, it undergoes a phase transition known as freezing. According to the internationally accepted definition, freezing is the change in a liquid's solidification phase or the amount of liquid in a substance, usually caused by cooling. Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.
When a liquid is heated to its boiling point—the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the atmosphere—boiling occurs, which is the rapid vaporization of a liquid. At 100 degrees Celsius, water boils.
Evaporation
On the surface of a liquid, as it transitions into the gas phase, evaporation is a type of vaporization. A high convergence of the dissipating substance in the encompassing gas essentially dials back vanishing, for example, when stickiness influences the pace of vanishing of water. At 212°F (100°C), water evaporates.
Sublimation
Sublimation is when a substance moves directly from its solid state to its gas state without going through its liquid state. Sublimation is an endothermic process that takes place at temperatures and pressures below a substance's triple point in its phase diagram—the lowest pressure at which it can exist as a liquid. The converse course of sublimation is testimony or desublimation, in which a substance passes straightforwardly from a gas to a strong stage.
Condensation is the opposite of vaporization, which occurs when matter moves from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The water cycle is the most common use of the term.When water vapor comes into contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei in the atmosphere, it changes state to liquid water. At the point when the progress occurs from the vaporous stage into the substantial phase straightforwardly, the change is called testimony.
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