STEAM Education at Elementary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Level Classrooms in the Context of Sindh In the context of the 21st century's teaching and learning practices, STEAM education offers a powerful, human-centred approach to learning . Basically, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education extends beyond technical knowledge by integrating creativity, cultural expression, and imagination into problem-solving and inquiry-based learning. Within a B.Ed (Hons) framework , STEAM is understood as a transformative, interconnected and interdisciplinary pedagogical approach that prepares future teachers to connect academic concepts with students’ lived experiences. In Sindh’s elementary, secondary and higher secondary level classrooms, STEAM supports inclusive education by valuing local art forms, languages, crafts, storytelling, and design traditions alongside scientific and mathematical thinking. Rather than positioning education as memorisa...
For a B.Ed Honours level student, the shift from " teaching " to " addressing misconceptions " is one of the hallmarks of a professional teacher. In Sindh, where traditional rote learning (memorisation) often masks deep-seated misunderstandings, mastering Conceptual Change Strategies is essential for true scientific literacy. 1. The Nature of Misconceptions: Why "Correcting" Isn't Enough A misconception is a persistent, deeply-held belief that contradicts scientific reality. For students in Sindh, these are often reinforced by local language or daily experiences. The "Linguistic" Trap: In Urdu or Sindhi, we often say "Paani hawa ban gaya" (Water became air). This leads students to believe water literally transforms into Oxygen or Hydrogen, rather than changing its state to water vapour. The "Visual" Trap: Students see clouds moving like solid objects, leading to the belief that they are like " floating sponges ...