BIOENERGETICS IN BIOLOGY & CHEMISTRY SOLVED MCQs

What is the primary function of ATP in biological systems?

a) Structural support

b) Enzyme synthesis

c) Energy storage and transfer

d) Waste elimination

2. Which of the following is the primary site of energy production in prokaryotic cells?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Chloroplasts

d) Plasma membrane

3. What role do carrier proteins play in prokaryotic cell bioenergetics?

a) Produce ATP

b) Transport oxygen

c) Facilitate electron transport

d) Synthesize glucose

4. Which of the following processes generates the most ATP in prokaryotic cells?

a) Glycolysis

b) Krebs cycle

c) Oxidative phosphorylation

d) Fermentation

5. Which of the following is NOT a way prokaryotic cells generate energy?

a) Glycolysis

b) Fermentation

c) Photosynthesis

d) Endocytosis

6. Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of prokaryotic cells during anaerobic respiration?

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Water

d) Nitrate

7. Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) take place in prokaryotic cells?

a) Mitochondria

b) Cytosol

c) Endoplasmic reticulum

d) Chloroplasts

8. What is the main function of the electron transport chain in prokaryotic cells?

a) Synthesizing glucose

b) Producing NADH

c) Pumping protons across the membrane

d) Breaking down fatty acids

9. The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy is called:

a) Photosynthesis

b) Fermentation

c) Glycolysis

d) Cellular respiration

10. Which process involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in plants?

a) Glycolysis

b) Photosynthesis

c) Cellular respiration

d) Fermentation

11. During cellular respiration, which stage occurs in the absence of oxygen?

a) Glycolysis

b) Krebs cycle

c) Electron transport chain

d) Fermentation

12. Which molecule is considered the primary energy currency of cells?

a) ATP

b) DNA

c) RNA

d) Glucose

13. Which of the following is an example of an endothermic reaction in terms of energy changes?

a) Burning of wood

b) Freezing of water

c) Mixing of an acid and a base

d) Condensation of water vapour

14. Which molecule is responsible for storing and transferring chemical energy within cells?

a) DNA

b) RNA

c) ATP

d) Glucose

15. Which term describes the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction?

a) Activation energy

b) Enthalpy

c) Entropy

d) Catalyst

16. During cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized to produce energy?

a) Glucose

b) Oxygen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Water

17. Which process involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in plants?

a) Glycolysis

b) Fermentation

c) Photosynthesis

d) Krebs cycle

18. In which cellular organelle does aerobic respiration occur?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Chloroplast

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

19. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is:

a) NADH

b) FADH₂

c) Oxygen

d) Carbon dioxide

20. Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis to produce pyruvate?

a) Glucose

b) Pyruvate

c) Fructose

d) Glucose-6-phosphate

21. Which of the following is not a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

a) Oxygen

b) ATP

c) NADPH

d) Glucose

22. In anaerobic respiration, what is the end product in animal cells?

a) Lactic acid

b) Ethanol

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Pyruvate

23. The process of converting glucose into pyruvate is known as:

a) Fermentation

b) Glycolysis

c) Citric acid cycle

d) Calvin cycle

24. Which molecule captures light energy during photosynthesis?

a) Water

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Chlorophyll

d) Glucose

25. What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

a) Production of ATP

b) Formation of pyruvate

c) Generation of glucose

d) Oxidation of carbon dioxide

26. Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?

a) ATP

b) NADH

c) FADH2

d) Pyruvate

27. Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

a) Oxygen

b) NADH

c) FADH₂

d) Carbon dioxide

28. Which organelle is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells?

a) Mitochondria

b) Nucleus

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Chloroplast

29. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

a) Glycolysis

b) Krebs cycle (Citric acid cycle)

c) Oxidative phosphorylation

d) Electron transport chain

30. The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA occurs in which cellular process?

a) Glycolysis

b) Krebs cycle (Citric acid cycle)

c) Beta-oxidation

d) Oxidative phosphorylation

31. In photosynthesis, which part of the chloroplast contains chlorophyll and is responsible for capturing light energy?

a) Stroma

b) Thylakoid membrane

c) Outer membrane

d) Inner membrane

32. During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, what molecule is produced as a result of water splitting?

a) Oxygen (O₂)

b) Glucose

c) Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

d) ATP

33. In which phase of photosynthesis is glucose synthesized using carbon dioxide and energy from ATP/NADPH?

a) Light-dependent reactions

b) Calvin cycle (Light-independent reactions)

c) Krebs cycle

d) Glycolysis

34. Which molecule carries high-energy electrons from the light-dependent reactions to the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

a) Oxygen (O₂)

b) NADPH

c) ATP

d) Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

35. What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

a) Production of oxygen gas

b) Capture of light energy

c) Synthesis of glucose

d) Generation of ATP

36. During photosynthesis, which molecule is the source of electrons for the photosystems?

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Water

d) Sunlight

37. Which molecule is the primary product of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

a) Glucose

b) ATP

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Oxygen

38. In photosynthesis, where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

a) Stroma of the chloroplasts

b) Thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts

c) Mitochondria

d) Nucleus of the cell

39. What is the net ATP production from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

a) 2 ATP

b) 4 ATP

c) 36 ATP

d) 38 ATP

40. During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP molecules?

a) Glycolysis

b) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

c) Fermentation

d) Krebs cycle

41. Which process occurs in the mitochondria and produces the majority of ATP?

a) Glycolysis

b) Photosynthesis

c) Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

d) Fermentation

42. Which of the following is NOT a type of cellular work powered by ATP?

a) Mechanical work

b) Transport work

c) Chemical work

d) Thermodynamic work

43. How many ATP molecules are typically produced from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration?

a) 2 ATP

b) 4 ATP

c) 36-38 ATP

d) 64 ATP

44. During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. What is the primary source of this light energy?

a) Infrared radiation

b) Ultraviolet radiation

c) Visible light

d) X-rays

45. The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate is:

a) ATP synthase

b) ATPase

c) ADPase

d) Phosphatase

46. Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for aerobic respiration in cells?

a) C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 CO₂ + 2 ATP + 2 H₂O

b) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 36 ATP

c) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O2 → 2 CO₂ + 38 ATP + 6 H₂O

_d)6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 36 ATP → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

47. Which type of fermentation occurs in yeast cells, leading to the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide?

a) Lactic acid fermentation

b) Alcoholic fermentation

c) Butyric acid fermentation

d) Acetic acid fermentation

48. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Cytoplasm

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

49. Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?

a) ATP synthase

b) ATPase

c) Glycolase

d) Hexokinase

50. What is the role of NADH and FADH₂ in cellular respiration?

a) Accepting electrons in glycolysis

b) Donating electrons in oxidative phosphorylation

c) Donating electrons in glycolysis

d) Accepting electrons in oxidative phosphorylation

Also Read the Following Suggested Topics for Further Reading

1. Laws of Inheritance in Biology Solved MCQs

2. Nutrition in Plants Solved MCQs

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