Fundamentals of Chemistry Solved MCQs
1. What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?
a) Electron
b) Proton
c) Neutron
d) Atom
2. Particles of an element having same atomic number but different atomic mass are called:
a) Atoms
b) Isotopes
c) Ions
d) Positron
3. The nucleus of an atom contains:
a) Electrons
b) Protons and electrons
c) Protons and neutrons
d) Neutrons and electrons
4. The branch of Chemistry that deals with Hydro-Carbons is:
a) Industrial Chemistry
b) Physical Chemistry
c) Organic Chemistry
d) Inorganic Chemistry
5. The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of:
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Neutrons
d) Positrons
6. Which of the following particles is found outside the nucleus of an atom?
a) Neutron
b) Electron
c) Proton
d) Positron
7. Isotopes of an element always have the same number of:
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Neutrons
d) Positrons
8. What is the mass number of an atom?
a) The total number of electrons
b) The total number of protons
c) The total number of protons and neutrons
d) The total number of neutrons
9. Which force holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom?
a) Electromagnetic force
b) Gravitational force
c) Strong nuclear force
d) Weak nuclear force
10. A piece of matter in pure form is termed as
a) Substance
b) Radical
c) Compound
d) Mixture
11. The negative side of a discharge tube is called:
a) Anode
b) Cathode
c) Neutral
d) chargeless
12. Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
a) Compound
b) Element
c) Heterogeneous mixture
d) Homogeneous mixture
13. A substance made up of only one type of atom is called:
a) Molecule
b) Compound
c) Element
d) Mixture
14. Which type of matter has a fixed composition?
a) Element
b) Compound
c) Mixture
d) Isotope
15. A combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions is known as:
a) Atom
b) Molecule
c) Compound
d) Heterogeneous mixture
16. Which of the following represents a solution?
a) Saltwater
b) Sand and water
c) Oil and water
d) Iron and sulfur
17. Air is an example of a:
a) Compound
b) Element
c) Heterogeneous mixture
d) Homogeneous mixture
18. Which type of matter consists of two or more substances physically mixed together, but not chemically combined?
a) Element
b) Compound
c) Mixture
d) Isotope
19. What is a pure substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratios?
a) Element
b) Compound
c) Mixture
d) Isotope
20. An example of a heterogeneous mixture is:
a) Saltwater
b) Sugar dissolved in tea
c) Sand and pebbles
d) Air
21. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
22. In which state of matter do particles have the most freedom of movement?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
23. What happens to the shape of a liquid when it is poured into a container?
a) It retains its shape
b) It takes the shape of the container
c) It expands
d) It turns into a gas
24. At what temperature do most substances change from a solid to a liquid?
a) Melting point
b) Boiling point
c) Freezing point
d) Sublimation point
25. Which state of matter is characterized by having particles with high kinetic energy and little intermolecular attraction?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
26. Which state of matter has both a definite volume and the ability to flow?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
27. At what temperature does a liquid change into a gas?
a) Melting point
b) Boiling point
c) Freezing point
d) Condensation point
28. In which state of matter do particles have the least energy and are tightly packed together?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
29. Which state of matter is often found in stars, lightning, and human blood?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
30. When a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase, it is called:
a) Condensation
b) Sublimation
c) Melting
d) Freezing
31. What is the gram formula mass of a compound?
a) The sum of the atomic masses of all the elements in the compound
b) The number of moles of the compound
c) The molecular weight of the compound
d) The number of grams of the compound
32. Which term refers to the mass of one mole of atoms or molecules of a substance?
a) Gram formula mass
b) Atomic mass
c) Formula mass
d) Molar mass
33. The atomic mass of an element is defined as:
a) The mass of one mole of atoms of that element
b) The mass of one atom of that element
c) The mass of one gram of the element
d) The mass of one mole of the element's ions
34. How is the formula mass of a compound calculated?
a) By adding the atomic masses of all the elements in the compound
b) By multiplying the atomic masses of all the elements in the compound
c) By finding the average atomic mass of the elements in the compound
d) By dividing the atomic mass by the number of atoms in the compound
35. Which of the following is equivalent to the molar mass of a compound?
a) Gram formula mass
b) Atomic mass
c) Formula mass
d) Molecular weight
36. The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as:
a) The mass of one mole of atoms
b) The mass of one proton
c) One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
d) The mass of one mole of electrons
37. What is the molar mass of water (H2O)?
a) 18.02 g/mol
b) 36.04 g/mol
c) 9.01 g/mol
d) 6.02 x 1023 g/mol
38. The formula mass of a compound is also referred to as:
a) Molecular weight
b) Atomic mass
c) Molar mass
d) Atomic weight
39. Which term is used to describe the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of a compound?
a) Gram formula mass
b) Atomic mass
c) Formula mass
d) Molar mass
40. The molar mass of an element in grams is numerically equal to its:
a) Atomic mass
b) Atomic number
c) Number of moles
d) Number of isotopes
41. Which functional group is found in alcohols?
a) Carbonyl
b) Hydroxyl
c) Carboxyl
d) Amine
42. Ethyl alcohol was prepared by:
a) Ibne Sina
b) Jabir Ibne Hayan
c) Al-Razi
d) Al-Beruni
43. What is the chemical symbol for gold?
a) Go
b) Ag
c) Au
d) Gd
44. Which gas makes up the majority of Earth's atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Hydrogen
45. Which law describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature?
a) Boyle's Law
b) Charles's Law
c) Avogadro's Law
d) Gay-Lussac's Law
46. What is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI)?
a) Calorie
b) Joule
c) Kelvin
d) Mole
47. Which technique is used to separate and analyze the components of a mixture based on their differing solubilities in two immiscible phases?
a) Chromatography
b) Spectroscopy
c) Gravimetry
d) Titration
48. What instrument is commonly used to measure the pH of a solution?
a) Spectrophotometer
b) Calorimeter
c) pH meter
d) Microscope
49. The molar mass of the H2SO4 is:
a) 9.8 a.m.n
b) 98 a.m.u
c) 9.8 gm
d) 98 gm
50. What will the mass of the 4 moles of Carbon-Dioxide (CO2)?
a) 44 gm
b) 88 gm
c) 122 gm
d) 176 gm
51. Who is credited with the discovery of the electron?
a) Ernest Rutherford
b) J.J. Thomson
c) Niels Bohr
d) Albert Einstein
52. What is the charge of a proton?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
d) It varies
53. Who discovered the nucleus of an atom?
a) Ernest Rutherford
b) Bohr
c) Schrodinger
d) Dalton
54. Which subatomic particle is located in the nucleus of an atom of Hydrogen?
a) Electron
b) Proton
c) Neutron
d) Positron
55. What is the charge of an electron?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
d) It varies
56. How many sub-shells do Hydrogen and Helium have?
a) Four
b) Three
c) Two
d) One
57. Which gas makes up the majority of Earth's atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
58. Who is credited with the discovery of Proton?
a) Goldstein
b) Marie Curie
c) J.J Thomson
d) Michael Faraday
59. Who had discovered Neutron in 1932?
a) Rutherford
b) Bohr
c) Chadwick
d) Goldstein
60. What is the most abundant element in the universe?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon
d) Helium
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