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A Political Economy Analysis of Heavy Industry, Automobiles, and Mechanical Development 📌 Overview Despite possessing strategic geographic importance, abundant human capital, and significant natural resources, Pakistan has remained technologically and industrially underdeveloped, particularly in the sectors of heavy mechanics, steel, automobiles, and modern manufacturing.  This blog examines the structural, political, and economic causes behind Pakistan’s technological backwardness.  It argues that the failure of key industrial institutions such as Pakistan Steel Mills, elite-driven capital flight, weak state ownership, inconsistent industrial policy, military interruptions, underinvestment in research and development, and protection of inefficient industries have collectively undermined sustainable technological growth.  Through a political economy lens, the blog highlights how governance failures, elite incentives, and institutional decay, rather than lack of resources...

Navigating the Paradox of Expansion and Erosion in Pakistan's Higher Education Institutions  In the dynamic tapestry of Pakistan's socio-economic evolution, higher education institutions (HEIs) emerge as pivotal architects of national progress, yet they grapple with a profound paradox. The sector has witnessed remarkable quantitative growth: student enrollment, which dipped alarmingly from 2.23 million in fiscal year 2022 to 1.94 million in 2023, is projected to see only a marginal 0.8% recovery by 2025, underscoring a "leaky pipeline" where aspirations falter amid systemic barriers.  Research output has similarly ballooned, with over 148,678 publications since 2000 and an annual average of 7,434 papers, reflecting a 419% surge in citations over three decades. The Nature Index reports 120 high-quality outputs in 2023, predominantly in health sciences, while the latest data for August 2024 to July 2025 highlights ongoing contributions across disciplines. With 218 unive...

I. Introduction: The Crisis of an Extractive State of Pakistan  Elite Capture (EC) is one of the fundamental cancers eating away at Pakistan’s socio-economic and socio-political sustainability.  It is not merely the presence of corrupt practices, but the intentional  institutionalisation of extraction , where a small, interconnected group of elites manipulates the state’s legal and financial architecture and structure for personal gains.  This systemic and intentional failure drives the country's recurrent debt crises, fiscal instability, poverty, injustice and widening inequality. The conventional analysis of EC often focuses on the military, judiciary, politicians, and bureaucrats. However, a deeper, more painful truth lies in the co-option and incompetence of institutions that are theoretically designed to serve as checks and balances: the Judiciary , the Parliament , and, notably, the influence wielded by powerful Religious Clerics and Local Political Groups ....

America & Israel Hegemony for Middle East  Introduction:  The relationship between the United States and Israel has been a significant factor in Middle East politics for decades.  America has the vested interests in oil-rich region of the Middle East. Whereas, Israel has been trying hard to occupy Palestinian land and establish the Zionist country.  On the other hand, China and Russia have now realized that in order to break American hegemony over the world's political dynamics,  they require viable support and cooperation of the Middle East countries including Iran and Pakistan.  In fact, China and Russia want OIC's pivotal role similar to that of EU's role for America. Over 2 billion Muslims and 57 Muslim countries certainly have a very important role in the world politics if they realise the importance of their joint venture. This critical analysis will delve deep into the dynamics of the America-Israel nexus, examining its hopes and hurdles, while a...

Introduction: The quality of education within Pakistani universities has been a topic of concern for many years. Despite the presence of some renowned institutions, the overall quality of education in the country has struggled to meet international standards.  In 21st century, high standard universities are playing a key role in socioeconomic and political development of the counties. This is why countries having high quality universities are leading the world. Quality universities are constantly producing critical thinkers who become creative minded individuals while stepping into the practical world.  However, in the context of Pakistan, things are totally opposite of the above mentioned key facts. There are different reasons and ground realities behind this phenomenon.  Therefore, this critical analysis delves deep into the reasons behind the poor quality of education inside Pakistani universities and highlights their below the mark standings in international universit...

Background  Pakistan's education policy framework appears to be riddled with critical flaws that undermine the nation's progress in providing quality education to its citizens. Unfortunately, Pakistan has one of the world's largest ratio of the out of school children. At present, Pakistan has 58% to 59% literacy ratio which indicates that around 100 million people of Pakistan are illiterate. Over the past 76 years, total six educational policies have been devised in Pakistan including some amendments but none of them has achieved any fruitful results. These shortcomings are an open indicative of a systemic issue that requires immediate attention and reforms.  Keeping in view the above mentioned facts and figures, this critical review will dissect the key themes that highlight the inadequacies within Pakistan's education policy. 1. Policy Development in Ivory Towers:   One glaring issue is the creation of educational policies within the confines of drawing rooms and dist...

Flaws in Pakistan's Political System  Introduction: Pakistan, a country with a rich history and diverse culture, has grappled with a series of political challenges since its inception in 1947. The flaws in its political system have hindered its progress and stability. This essay will explore some of the key flaws in Pakistan's political system, including corruption, weak institutions, ethnic and regional divisions, and the role of the military. 1. Corruption: One of the most significant flaws in Pakistan's political system is rampant corruption. Corruption permeates various levels of government, from local officials to high-ranking politicians. This issue not only erodes public trust in the government but also diverts vital resources away from development and social welfare programs.  The lack of effective anti-corruption measures and accountability mechanisms allows corruption to thrive, leading to an unequal distribution of wealth and opportunities. 2. Weak Institutions: ...