From Bipolar to Multipolar World: The Evolution of Global Power Dynamics Since World War II

From Bipolar to Multipolar World

Rationale

In the context of the global and political history since the Second World War, this article investigates the idea of human agency and the finiteness of human planning. It starts with a basic assumption that the Creator of this giant universe, has given human beings the freedom of choice and consciousness of the difference between right and wrong, but at the same time, the Creator has His final plans.

Readers are then taken through the post World War II period giving an account of bipolarity headed by the USA and the Soviet Union. This bipolarity led to the formation of the cold war which persisted until 1991 when the Soviet Union disintegrated and paved way for a unipolar world order dominated by the United States.

The article then analyses how the USA has tried to sustain its dominance and influence through the establishment of NATO and how Muslim leaders have also tried and failed to form a counter alliance. However, it emphasizes on the changes specifically on the internet, technology, and globalization which has created the multipolar world in the 21st century. These changes are being exploited by emerging economies such as China, India, Japan and Russia.

The article concludes with the notion that while America is still economically and militarily dominant, it is not as secure as before due to globalization and digital authority. This can be further paralleled with an underlying theme that, despite human beings being capable of planning and pursuing success, success is contingent on external factors beyond human beings' control, thus giving the Creator the ultimate agency in planning.

Introduction

Creator has given human beings an authority to act willingly. He has also informed us about good and bad, right and wrong, as well as ultimate success and failure. Alongside this, the Creator categorically informed us that He is the best of the planners. Human beings plan and act accordingly to achieve their goals but it is not necessary that they always become successful what they plan for. Now, an important question arises here that how human beings have been planning and to what extent they have been successful and what they have been planning so far?

To find out the answer of the above mentioned all important question, we need to go back and start searching the answer since the end of World War-ll in 1945. After the ending of World War-II, the then powerful ruling elites framed a new world order in order to bring the so called peace and prosperity in the world.

Former Soviet Union (Russia) and United States of America (USA) emerged as the two main influential countries of the set new world order. Hence the new world order laid the foundations of Bipolar World. However, rivalry in terms of Cold War started between both the global superpowers within a period of merely two years in 1947 which lasted until 1991. Eventually, USA emerged as victorious of this geo-political tension after the collapse of Soviet Union.

As a result of this victory, America issued a new World Order which laid the foundations of Unipolar World. All the major countries of the world including European Union accepted America's economic, political, and military power dominance. Whereas, in order to consolidate and maintain its dominance, America had already been developing different organisations including North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). In the mean time, different leaders from Muslim countries tried to build their own block but they couldn't succeed in their plan. All those Muslim leaders were killed with the help of local traitors.

During 1970s period, Muslim leaders tried to build a power block in the form of OIC but they couldn't succeed due to above mentioned factor. Since then, all the powerful Muslim countries bowed down in front of America and they even have never asked for one of the Muslim countries as a member of Veto Power Countries in UNO. Today Muslims are one-fourth part of the entire world's population but they don't have any significance in UNO and geopolitical issues of the world.

Moving forward, internet and technology have changed the dynamics of global power since the late 1990s. Similarly, globalization has introduced a Multipolar World in the 21st century where things are changing at a very rapid pace. In today's globalized world, different countries are interconnected and interdependent with eachother due to access to technology. This interconnectivity has opened the new doors of trade and commerce.

Economically emerging countries like China, India, Japan, and Russia are taking full advantage of this golden opportunity. Because of this rapid advancement America which has already military bases in different parts of world to protect its vested interests including providing security to its allies, is now feeling insecure due to globalization.

As a result, world is now realizing that digital power is the future of the global and interconnected world economy. Masses now realise that AI technology is a big reality which has emerged even powerful than America. Hence, America believes that it is losing control over the world even after having economic and military power.

Digital Globalisation & Emergence of Multipolar World

The Phenomenon of the digital globalization has laid the foundations of the Multipolar world. Digital Economy is not only competing with physical economy but also giving it a very tough time. As a result of it, in today's modern world, human society is more concerned about algorithms as compared to nature and nurture. Similarly, digital Globalisation has shaken the very basis of power where America is losing its control over the geopolitical affairs of the world.

Adding into it, because of the digital Globalisation, America is no more an only superpower country that controls the world in 21st century. In fact, the owners of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology are now controlling and leading the world. Different social media platforms including Google, Tiktok, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram are not only influencing masses but also strengthening digital economy. These social media platforms have revolutionized our world through interconnectivity, interdependence, and access to information.

Today, AI Technology has access to our privacy and security. This has reduced the role of Think-Tanks and Secret Service Agencies across the globe. Therefore, whosoever has experties and knowledge about algorithms, can easily gather unlimited data for different purposes. The point which I want to make you understand is that algorithms have caused the emergence of the Multipolar World.

Digital Globalisation & Its Impact on the Multipolar World

Digital globalization has greatly impacted our preconceived notions. One of its great impacts is the change in the preconceived notion of the so called "War on Terror". Masses across the globe now believe that ground realities were absolutely opposite to what they had been told for earlier. Similarly, conspiracy theories aren't as much effective as they used to be before the emergence of digital Globalization.

Another impact of the digital Globalization is regarding the genocide of Palestinian people. Jews haven't their own country and over the past 75 years, they have been desperately trying their best to occupy Palestine and convert it into an Israeli state. However, digital globalization particularly social media platforms have turned the table over. Demonstrations are taking place all over the world in favour of the people of Palestine.

Similarly, different pro-Israeli multinational companies including McDonald's, Starbucks, and soft drink brands are facing heavy losses due to bycott against their products. This huge economic setback is mainly because of the impact of digital globalization. On the other hand, demonstrations in favour of Palestinian people are taking place inside American educational institutions. This is first time in the history of America where people are condemning genocide of the Palestinians.

Pakistan is another example in this regard where global Digitization has shaken the deep routes of the military establishment. Former prime minister (Imran Khan) who is in jail at the moment, has challenged the military's hegemony through using different social media platforms. As a result, military establishment is on the verge of losing its control and power which they have been enjoying over the past 77 years.

Who will Lead the Multipolar World in Future?

Well, at the moment, there isn't any definite answer to this question however, one can predict that in future, we might have a leaderless world. Although America is trying its best to maintain its control over the geopolitical, economic, and security related affairs of the world but experts are of the view that America wouldn't be able to sustain what it has been enjoying over the past 50 years. Whereas, both China and Russia are constantly claiming that America itself is the biggest source of world chaos and hence the greatest threat to international sustainability.

On the other hand, future power will be in the hands of leading AI entrepreneurs. These 50 to 100 leading AI entrepreneurs will be influencing and leading the world towards the direction of digital globalization. Whereas in Multipolar world, countries will be independent to take decisions and set priorities. Hence, the future globalized world will be more interconnected and interdependent in terms of physical as well as digital economy.

Conclusion

From the above mentioned factual discussion, we can conclude that human beings keep on planning including trying to achieve their set goals. However, it is also a reality that "Man purposes but God disposes". Our creator is indeed the best of the planners. He is the only and most Supreme, Powerful, and Sovereign over the entire universe. Therefore, last but not the least, Only God Almighty knows that what will happen in future and how the world will be responding the future events.

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