Man and His Environment in Biology Solved MCQs

Man & His Environment in Biology

1. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

a) Wind

b) Sunlight

c) Geothermal heat

d) Fossil fuels

2. Which gas is essential for photosynthesis and is released during respiration?

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Hydrogen

3. What is the main function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

a) Produce oxygen

b) Break down dead organic matter

c) Conduct photosynthesis

d) Provide nutrients to plants

4. What is the term for the process by which water vapor is released from the leaves of plants?

a) Transpiration

b) Condensation

c) Evaporation

d) Precipitation

5. Which level of ecological organization includes all living organisms in a particular area?

a) Population

b) Community

c) Ecosystem

d) Biosphere

6. What is the term for the process by which green plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?

a) Respiration

b) Photosynthesis

c) Decomposition

d) Transpiration

7. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures, permafrost, and limited plant growth?

a) Tropical rainforest

b) Tundra

c) Desert

d) Grassland

8. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?

a) Sunlight

b) Soil

c) Plants

d) Water

9. What is the term for the variety of different species in an ecosystem?

a) Biodiversity

b) Ecosystem diversity

c) Species diversity

d) Genetic diversity

10. Which trophic level consists of autotrophs?

a) Primary consumers

b) Secondary consumers

c) Producers

d) Decomposers

11. In a food chain, which term is used to describe an organism that eats both plants and animals?

a) Herbivore

b) Carnivore

c) Omnivore

d) Decomposer

12. Which of the following represents the correct flow of energy in a food chain?

a) Producers-> Consumers -> Decomposers

b) Decomposers -> Producers -> Consumers

c) Consumers -> Decomposers -> Producers

d) Producers -> Decomposers -> Consumers

13. What is a trophic level in an ecosystem?

a) The number of species in a food chain.

b) The position of an organism in a food chain.

c) The geographical location of an ecosystem.

d) The temperature of an ecosystem.

14. How much energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in a food chain?

a) 50%

b) 25%

c) 20%

d) 10%

15. Which biogeochemical cycle involves the movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust?

a) Nitrogen cycle

b) Water cycle

c) Carbon cycle

d) Phosphorus cycle

16. What happens to energy as it moves through trophic levels in an ecosystem?

a) It increases.

b) It remains constant.

c) It decreases.

d) It transforms into matter.

17. What is the primary purpose of the carbon cycle in ecosystems?

a) Generation of ATP

b) Synthesis of proteins

c) Recycling carbon atoms

d) Oxygen production

18. Which of the following is NOT a component of the carbon cycle?

a) Photosynthesis

b) Respiration

c) Nitrogen Fixation

d) Decomposition

19. In the nitrogen cycle, which process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a form usable by plants?

a) Denitrification

b) Nitrogen fixation

c) Nitrification

d) Ammonification

20. What is the primary role of decomposers in both the carbon and nitrogen cycles?

a) Oxygen production

b) Nitrate assimilation

c) Breaking down organic matter

d) Carbon sequestration

21. Which organisms play a key role in the nitrogen cycle by converting ammonia into nitrate and nitrite?

a) Decomposers

b) Nitrifying bacteria

c) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

d) Denitrifying bacteria

22. What type of interaction occurs when two different species compete for the same limited resource in an ecosystem?

a) Predation

b) Mutualism

c) Competition

d) Commensalism

23. In a predator-prey relationship, what is the primary role of the predator?

a) To provide shelter

b) To consume the prey

c) To share resources

d) To aid in reproduction

24. Which of the following is an example of mutualism in an ecosystem?

a) Lion hunting a gazelle

b) Bee pollinating a flower

c) Shark feeding on smaller fish

d) Parasitic worm infecting a host

25. What term is used to describe a relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?

a) Symbiosis

b) Commensalism

c) Predation

d) Competition

26. An oxpecker bird feeding on ticks and parasites on the back of a rhinoceros is an example of:

a) Predation

b) Competition

c) Mutualism

d) Parasitism

27. What is the term used to describe the variety of life on Earth, including the variety of species, their genetic differences, and the ecosystems they form?

a) Biodiversity

b) Biomass

c) Biome

d) Biogeochemical cycle

28. Which of the following is a primary factor contributing to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity?

a) Conservation efforts

b) Sustainable development

c) Deforestation

d) Ecotourism

29. How do humans primarily contribute to the enhancement of the greenhouse effect and global warming?

a) Planting more trees

b) Reducing carbon emissions

c) Burning fossil fuels

d) Recycling plastic

30. Which human activity is a major cause of nutrient pollution in aquatic ecosystems?

a) Water conservation

b) Organic farming

c) Fertilizer runoff

d) Marine protected areas

31. What is the term for the process by which a community of plants and animals changes over time in response to a disturbance or new habitat?

a) Ecological succession

b) Eutrophication

c) Ozone depletion

d) Acid rain

32. Which human activity is a major threat to marine ecosystems and biodiversity?

a) Sustainable fishing

b) Coral reef restoration

c) Plastic pollution

d) Marine protected areas

33. What is the term for the variety of ecological communities that occur in different climate zones on Earth?

a) Habitat diversity

b) Ecosystem diversity

c) Species diversity

d) Climate diversity

34. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource that humans commonly exploit, leading to environmental concerns?

a) Solar energy

b) Wind energy

c) Fossil fuels

d) Geothermal energy

35. How can the establishment of nature reserves and protected areas contribute to biodiversity conservation?

a) By promoting deforestation

b) By preventing habitat destruction

c) By encouraging pollution

d) By supporting overfishing

36. What is urbanization?

a. Expansion of rural areas

b. Growth of cities and towns

c. Agricultural development

d. Environmental conservation

37. Which factor is a key driver of industrialization?

a. Forest preservation

b. Agricultural practices

c. Technological advancements

d. Nomadic lifestyles

38. What is a consequence of rapid urbanization?

a. Decreased pollution

b. Increased demand for rural products

c. Infrastructure challenges

d. Preservation of traditional lifestyles

39. Deforestation is primarily caused by:

a. Urban planning

b. Agricultural expansion

c. Industrial regulations

d. Wildlife conservation

40. How does industrialization impact the environment?

a. Enhances biodiversity

b. Reduces carbon emissions

c. Contributes to pollution and climate change

d. Promotes sustainable practices

41. What is the primary source of air pollution responsible for increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere?

a) Industrial emissions

b) Deforestation

c) Vehicle exhaust

d) Agricultural practices

42. Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to acid rain formation?

a) Carbon monoxide (CO)

b) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

c) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

d) Ozone (O3)

43. How does eutrophication occur in water bodies?

a) Increase in dissolved oxygen

b) Excessive nutrients, leading to algal blooms

c) pH imbalance

d) Heavy metal contamination

44. What is a potential consequence of biomagnification in an ecosystem?

a) Decreased biodiversity

b) Accumulation of toxins in higher trophic levels

c) Increase in primary productivity

d) Enhanced nutrient cycling

45. Which biological process plays a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere?

a) Photosynthesis

b) Respiration

c) Fermentation

d) Transpiration

46. What is a common method for controlling water pollution in urban areas?

a) Constructing sewage treatment plants

b) Increasing industrial discharges

c) Promoting plastic usage

d) Disposing of waste directly into water bodies

47. How can biodiversity loss be mitigated in ecosystems affected by pollution?

a) Implementing habitat destruction

b) Reducing conservation efforts

c) Promoting sustainable practices

d) Encouraging exotic species introduction

48. What is a key strategy for controlling noise pollution in urban environments?

a) Planting more trees

b) Implementing noise barriers

c) Encouraging loud public events

d) Using high-decibel machinery

49. What is the primary goal of conservation biology?

a) Increase human population

b) Preserve biodiversity and ecosystems

c) Promote genetic modification

d) Expand urbanization

50. Which of the following is a key factor contributing to biodiversity loss?

a) Habitat preservation

b) Climate change mitigation

c) Deforestation and habitat destruction

d) Sustainable resource management

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