Master Class Digital Learning Academy

I. Introduction: The Crisis of an Extractive State of Pakistan  Elite Capture (EC) is one of the fundamental cancers eating away at Pakistan’s socio-economic and socio-political sustainability.  It is not merely the presence of corrupt practices, but the intentional  institutionalisation of extraction , where a small, interconnected group of elites manipulates the state’s legal and financial architecture and structure for personal gains.  This systemic and intentional failure drives the country's recurrent debt crises, fiscal instability, poverty, injustice and widening inequality. The conventional analysis of EC often focuses on the military, judiciary, politicians, and bureaucrats. However, a deeper, more painful truth lies in the co-option and incompetence of institutions that are theoretically designed to serve as checks and balances: the Judiciary , the Parliament , and, notably, the influence wielded by powerful Religious Clerics and Local Political Groups ....

From Bipolar to Multipolar World  Rationale In the context of the global and political history since the Second World War, this article investigates the idea of human agency and the finiteness of human planning. It starts with a basic assumption that the Creator of this giant universe, has given human beings the freedom of choice and consciousness of the difference between right and wrong, but at the same time, the Creator has His final plans.  Readers are then taken through the post World War II period giving an account of bipolarity headed by the USA and the Soviet Union. This bipolarity led to the formation of the cold war which persisted until 1991 when the Soviet Union disintegrated and paved way for a unipolar world order dominated by the United States. The article then analyses how the USA has tried to sustain its dominance and influence through the establishment of NATO and how Muslim leaders have also tried and failed to form a counter alliance. However, it emphasi...