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Physics and Branches of Physics Solved MCQs

 Physics & its Important Branches

 

Physics and its Branches


1. What is the fundamental method of inquiry in physics?

   a. Hypothesis

   b. Experimentation

   c. Deduction

   d. Observation


2. Who is often considered the "Father of Classical Physics"?

   a. Isaac Newton

   c. Galileo Galilei

   b. Albert Einstein

   d. Aristotle


3. The word "Physics" is taken from the -------- word "Physicos".

   a. Greek

   b. Latin

   c. French

   d. Persian 


4. What is the literal meaning of the word "Physics"?

   a. Universe

   b. Space

   c. Study of Nature

   d. Stars 


5. Who is considered as the second father of Physics?  

   a. Issac Newton

   b. Neil Bohr

   c. Stephan Hawking 

   d Albert Einstein 


66. Who is considered as the third father of Physics?

   a. Issac Newton

   b. Neil Bohr

   c. Stephan Hawking 

   d Albert Einstein


7. Who introduced the concept of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics?

   a. Werner Heisenberg

   b. Max Planck

   c. Erwin Schrödinger

   d. Louis de Broglie


8. Which branch of physics deals with the study of the behavior of matter at very low temperatures, close to absolute zero?

  a. Thermodynamics

   b. Quantum Mechanics

   c. Astrophysics

   d. Cryogenics


9. Who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun at the center?

   a. Ptolemy

   b. Copernicus

   c. Kepler

   d. Aristotle


10. Who is considered as the founding father of "Optics"?

a. Ibne Al Haitham

b. Newton

c. Einstein 

d. Max Plank


11. Which branch of physics primarily deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting upon them?

   a. Quantum Mechanics  

   b. Classical Mechanics  

   c. Thermodynamics  

   d. Electromagnetism  


12. What is the study of the motion of systems of interconnected bodies, like gears or pulleys, known as?

   a. Rigid Body Dynamics  

   b. Celestial Mechanics  

   c. Fluid Mechanics  

   d. Quantum Dynamics  


13. Which principle states that the total mechanical energy of an isolated system remains constant if only conservative forces are acting on it?

   a. Newton's Third Law  

   b. Law of Inertia  

   c. Conservation of Energy  

   d. Conservation of Momentum  


14. In circular motion, what force keeps an object moving in a curved path?

   a. Centripetal Force  

   b. Gravitational Force  

   c. Frictional Force  

   d. Tension Force  


15. According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the force between two objects is directly proportional to:

a. The product of their masses and the square of the distance between them  

b. The square of their masses  

c. The inverse of the distance between them  

d. The sum of their masses  


16. What is the term for the resistance an object has to any change in its motion?

   a. Acceleration  

   b. Inertia  

   c. Velocity  

   d. Momentum  


17.  According to Hooke's Law, the force required to extend or compress a spring is proportional to:

   a. The displacement from equilibrium  

   b. The spring constant  

   c. The velocity of the displacement  

   d. The mass of the spring  

  

18. Which of the following is a scalar quantity related to an object's motion?

   a. Acceleration  

   b. Force  

   c. Speed  

   d. Momentum  

 

19. What is the primary focus of Thermodynamics in the branches of Physics?

   a) Particle Physics  

   b) Energy and Heat Transfer  

   c) Stellar Astrophysics  

   d) Quantum Mechanics  

 

20. Which of the following laws is a fundamental principle in Thermodynamics?

   a) Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle  

   b) Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion  

   c) Laws of Thermodynamics  

   d) Newton's Laws of Motion  


21. What is Statistical Mechanics concerned with in the context of Physics branches?

   a) Macroscopic Systems  

   b) Classical Mechanics  

   c) Special Relativity  

   d) Quantum Entanglement  


22. What is the role of Statistical Mechanics in understanding physical systems?

   a) Describing particle-wave duality  

 b) Analyzing large ensembles to predict macroscopic behavior  

   c) Explaining quantum tunneling  

   d) Studying black hole thermodynamics  


23. Which law of Thermodynamics is related to the concept of entropy?

   a) First Law  

   b) Second Law  

   c) Third Law  

   d) Zeroth Law  


24. In Statistical Mechanics, what does Boltzmann's entropy formula relate to?

   a) Heat transfer in gases  

   b) Probability distribution of particles  

   c) Blackbody radiation  

   d) Quantum tunneling  


25. What is the primary objective of Thermodynamics in the context of the branches of Physics?

   a) Studying subatomic particles  

   b) Analyzing microscopic behaviors  

   c) Understanding large-scale energy transformations  

   d) Exploring quantum entanglement  


26. What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establish?

   a) Conservation of Energy  

   b) Heat Transfer Mechanisms  

   c) Temperature Equilibrium  

   d) Laws of Motion  


27.  In which branch of physics do we primarily study the behavior of light?

   a) Quantum Mechanics  

   b) Classical Mechanics  

   c) Optics  

   d) Solid State Physics  


28. What phenomenon explains the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

   a) Diffraction  

   b) Dispersion  

   c) Reflection  

   d) Refraction  


29. The interference pattern produced by two coherent sources is a characteristic of:

   a) Ray Optics  

   b) Wave Optics  

   c) Quantum Optics  

   d) Geometric Optics  


30. Which branch of physics investigates the diffraction and interference of light?

   a) Astrophysics  

   b) Thermodynamics  

   c) Quantum Mechanics  

   d) Wave Optics  


31.  The photoelectric effect, which led to the development of quantum theory, belongs primarily to:

   a) Astrophysics  

   b) Quantum Mechanics  

   c) Classical Mechanics  

   d) Solid State Physics  


32. The color of an object is determined by the wavelengths of light that it:

   a) Reflects  

   b) Absorbs  

   c) Transmits  

   d) Scatters  


33. The study of polarization of light waves falls under:

   a) Quantum Mechanics  

   b) Classical Mechanics  

   c) Electromagnetism  

   d) Optics  


34. The phenomenon responsible for the spread of waves as they pass through a narrow opening is called:

   a) Diffraction  

   b) Dispersion  

   c) Refraction  

   d) Reflection  


35. In which branch of Physics is the study of electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions, most prominently featured?

   a) Classical Mechanics

   b) Thermodynamics

   c) Electromagnetism

   d) Quantum Mechanics


36.What law describes the relationship between the electric current flowing through a conductor and the voltage across it?

   a) Newton's Law

   b) Ohm's Law

   c) Faraday's Law

   d) Coulomb's Law


37Which of the following is a unit of electric charge?

   a) Volt

   b) Ampere

   c) Coulomb

   d) Ohm


38. What does a transformer primarily do in an electrical circuit?

   a) Converts AC to DC

   b) Changes voltage levels

   c) Stores electrical energy

   d) Measures current


39. Which electromagnetic phenomenon is responsible for the generation of electric power in most power plants?

   a) Electromagnetic Induction

   b) Coulomb's Law

   c) Ampere's Law

   d) Faraday's Law


40. What is the SI unit of magnetic flux?

   a) Weber

   b) Tesla

   c) Henry

   d) Gauss


41. Which of the following materials is typically used as a core in electromagnets?

 a) Copper

  b) Aluminum

   c) Iron

   d) Silver


42. Which of the following is a key concept in the Special Theory of Relativity?

  a) Conservation of Angular Momentum

   b) Inverse Square Law

   c) Time Dilation

   c) Newton's Third Law


43. What phenomenon is described by the Schrödinger Equation in quantum mechanics?

   a) Wave-particle Duality

   b) Electron Spin

   c) Quantum Tunneling

   d) Brownian Motion


44. Which particle is responsible for mediating the electromagnetic force?

   a) Proton

   b) Neutron

   c) Photon

   d) Electron

  

45. In solid-state physics, what is the term for the repeating three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice?

   a) Orbital

   b) Quark

   c) Fermi Surface

   d) Unit Cell


46. What does the term "Higgs Boson" refer to in particle physics?

   a) Dark Matter Particle

   b) Elementary Particle

   c) Force Carrier Particle

   d) Antiparticle


47. Which of the following is a consequence of the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

   a) Formation of Atomic Orbitals

   b) Quantum Entanglement

 c) No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.

  d) Photoelectric Effect


48. What is the primary source of energy in stars, according to stellar physics?

   a) Nuclear Fusion

   b) Gravitational Contraction

   c) Electromagnetic Radiation

   d) Neutrino Emission


49. Which branch of physics is concerned with the study of fundamental particles and their interactions?

 a) Classical Mechanics

  b) Quantum Mechanics

   c) Particle Physics

   d) Thermodynamics


50. What is the primary focus of acoustics in physics?

   a) Study of Light

   b) Study of Sound

   c) Study of Electricity

   d) Study of Heat


51.  Which property of a wave is responsible for determining pitch in acoustics?

   a) Amplitude

   b) Frequency

   c) Wavelength

   d) Speed


52.  In acoustics, what term is used to describe the perceived loudness of a sound?

   a) Amplitude

   b) Frequency

   c) Intensity

   d) Pitch


53. Which type of wave is responsible for transmitting sound?

   a) Transverse Wave

   b) Longitudinal Wave

   c) Electromagnetic Wave

   d) Standing Wave


54. What is the unit of measurement for frequency in acoustics?

   a) Hertz (Hz)

   b) Newton (N)

   c) Pascal (Pa)

   d) Joule (J)


55. What does Bernoulli's principle describe in aerodynamics?

   a) Conservation of Mass

   b) Conservation of Energy

   c) Conservation of Momentum

   d) Conservation of Angular Momentum


56. Which force opposes the motion of an object through a fluid, such as air?

   a) Frictional Force

   b) Gravitational Force

   c) Buoyant Force

   d) Drag Force


57. What is the critical speed at which an aircraft transitions from subsonic to supersonic flight?

   a) Mach 1

   b) Mach 2

   c) Mach 0.5

   d) Mach 5


58. Which of the following is a measure of an aircraft's ability to turn and rotate about its center of mass?

   a) Pitch

   b) Yaw

   c) Roll

   d) Bank

   

59. What is the term for the force that opposes an aircraft's weight and allows it to stay aloft?

   a) Lift

   b) Thrust

   c) Drag

   d) Gravity


60. What is the primary focus of Astrophysics?

   a. Quantum Mechanics  

   b. Properties of Matter  

   c. Celestial Objects and Phenomena  

   d. Electricity and Magnetism  


61. Which branch of physics deals with the study of stars and galaxies?

   a. Thermodynamics  

   b. Astrophysics  

   c. Classical Mechanics  

   d. Quantum Mechanics  


62. What does Celestial Mechanics primarily involve?

   a. Study of Subatomic Particles  

   b. Analysis of Planetary Motion  

   c. Properties of Crystals  

   d. Behavior of Electromagnetic Waves  


63. In Astrophysics, what is the study of the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe called?

   a. Cosmology  

   b. Quantum Field Theory  

   c. Solid State Physics  

   d. Biophysics   


64. Which phenomenon in Astrophysics involves the distortion of spacetime caused by mass?

   a. Dark Matter  

   b. Black Holes  

   c. Gravitational Waves  

   d. Neutrino Oscillations  


65. What aspect of Astrophysics is concerned with the life cycle and characteristics of stars?

   a. Stellar Dynamics  

   b. Quantum Entanglement  

   c. Thermodynamic Equilibrium  

   d. Wave-particle Duality  

  

66. Which of the following is a crucial element in understanding the temperature and composition of celestial bodies?

   a. Kinetic Theory of Gases  

   b. Laws of Thermodynamics  

   c. Quantum Mechanics  

   d. Electromagnetic Induction  

 

67. What does Exoplanetology focus on within Astrophysics?

   a. Properties of Dark Matter  

   b. Study of Exotic Particles  

   c. Exploration of Exoplanets  

   d. Quantum Tunneling  


68. What is the primary focus of BioPhysics?

   a) Astrophysical phenomena

   b) Biological systems

   c) Quantum mechanics

   d) Thermodynamics


69. Which technique is commonly used in BioPhysics for studying the structure of biological macromolecules?

   a) X-ray crystallography

   b) Seismology

   c) Radioactivity

   d) Spectroscopy


70. What does NMR stand for in the context of BioPhysics?

   a) Nuclear Missile Research

   b) Non-Metallic Resonance

   c) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

   d) Neutron Mass Ratio

  

71. In molecular physics, what does the term "molecular dynamics" refer to?

   a) The study of molecular shapes

 b) The motion of atoms within a molecule

   c) Chemical reactions between molecules

   d) Molecular vibrations 


72. Which subfield of Physics explores the behavior of matter and light at the nanoscale, often dealing with individual molecules and atoms?

   a) Classical Mechanics

   b) Quantum Mechanics

   c) Molecular Physics

   d) Nanophysics


73. What is the main focus of Environmental Biophysics?

   a) Physics of living organisms

   b) Physics of environmental systems

   c) Quantum mechanics in biology

   d) Astrophysics

 

74.  Which physics principle is fundamental to understanding the function of medical imaging techniques in Biophysics?

   a) Hooke's Law

   b) Bernoulli's Principle

   c) Doppler Effect

   d) Interaction of radiation with matter

   

75. What is the primary goal of Molecular Biophysics?

a) Understanding the behavior of molecules in isolation

b) Exploring the molecular basis of biological processes

 c) Studying the motion of planets

d) Investigating the principles of fluid dynamics

  

76. What is the primary focus of Atomic Physics?

   a. Study of subatomic particles  

   b. Investigation of nuclear reactions  

c. Exploration of atoms and their properties  

   d. Analysis of electromagnetic waves  

   

77. Which of the following is a characteristic of a stable nucleus?

   a. High neutron-to-proton ratio  

   b. Excessive positive charge  

c. Balanced neutron and proton numbers  

   d. Presence of only neutrons  


78. What process is responsible for energy release in nuclear power plants?

   a. Nuclear fission  

   b. Nuclear fusion  

   c. Alpha decay  

   d. Beta decay  


79. In the context of nuclear physics, what does the term 'half-life' refer to?

a. Time taken for half of a radioactive substance to decay  

b. Time required for nuclear fusion to occur  

   c. Duration of a nuclear reaction  

   d. Time taken for a neutron to decay  


80. What is the fundamental force responsible for holding the nucleus together?

   a. Gravitational force  

   b. Electromagnetic force  

   c. Strong nuclear force  

   d. Weak nuclear force  


81. Which particle is emitted in beta decay?

   a. Electron  

   b. Proton  

   c. Neutron  

   d. Alpha particle  


82. What is the primary application of synchrotrons in atomic and nuclear physics?

   a. Nuclear propulsion  

   b. Particle acceleration  

   c. Quantum computing  

   d. Radiocarbon dating  

  

83. What phenomenon is responsible for the characteristic X-rays emitted in atomic transitions?

   a. Compton scattering  

   b. Photoelectric effect  

   c. Bremsstrahlung radiation  

   d. Electron capture  


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