Comparative Education Solved MCQs
What is the primary positive impact of globalisation on educational curricula?
A) Competence B) Literacy C) Localism D) Memorisation
2. Which challenge does globalisation pose to curricula regarding cultural aspects?
A) Access B) Humanities C) Homogenisation D) Diversity
3. How has globalisation positively influenced pedagogy through technology?
A) Rote B) Isolation C) Centred D) Collaboration
4. What is a key challenge in globalised pedagogy related to equity?
A) Development B) Divide C) Classrooms D) Contextual
5. In assessment, what benefit do international benchmarks like PISA provide?
A) Mobility B) Bias C) Comparison D) Preparation
6. Which challenge in global assessments disadvantages non-Western students?
A) Bias B) Acceptance C) Holistic D) Cost
7. How does globalisation positively impact educational values?
A) Erosion B) Traditions C) Citizenship D) Commercial
8. What is a challenge globalisation presents to values in education?
A) Equity B) Understanding C) Collectivism D) Dominance
9. In policy development, what positive role do international frameworks like SDG 4 play?
A) Fragmentation B) Alignment C) Sovereignty D) Sharing
10. Which challenge in globalised policy development involves external pressures?
A) Standards B) Neoliberal C) Investment D) Sovereignty
11. When was the ESD for 2030 framework adopted by the UNESCO General Conference?
A) October B) December C) November D) May
12. What is the primary successor to the Global Action Programme on ESD (2015–2019)?
A) Partnership B) Framework C) Decade D) Declaration
13. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) does ESD for 2030 align with?
A) Five B) Six C) Ten D) Seventeen
14. What is the focus of Priority Action Area 1 in the ESD Roadmap?
A) Youth B) Policy C) Environments D) Capacities
15. Which priority action area emphasises greening education facilities?
A) Accelerating B) Advancing C) Building D) Transforming
16. What does Priority Action Area 4 primarily aim to do?
A) Fostering B) Mainstreaming C) Empowering D) Redesigning
17. How many key implementation enablers support the five priority action areas?
A) Four B) Six C) Five D) Seventeen
18. In the conceptual model for ESD implementation, what follows "processes" like transformative pedagogies?
A) Enablers B) Inputs C) Outputs D) Feedback
19. What platform was established by UNESCO in October 2022 to facilitate ESD rollout?
A) Reviews B) Network C) Prize D) Declaration
20. What does the Berlin Declaration on ESD (May 2021) represent?
A) Tool B) Program C) Commitment D) Mechanism
21. What philosophical shift does Inclusive Education represent compared to Special Education?
A) Mainstream B) Token C) Rights D) Deficit
22. In Sindh, Pakistan, which department traditionally manages Special Education Centres?
A) Hub B) Empowerment C) Authority D) Education
23. What constitutional amendment in Pakistan devolved education to provinces like Sindh?
A) Goals B) Disabilities C) Twenty-fifth D) Eighteenth
24. Which attitudinal barrier hinders Inclusive Education in Sindh?
A) Ratios B) Alignment C) Infrastructure D) Responsibility
25. What is a key resource challenge in mainstream Sindh schools for inclusion?
A) System B) Training C) Aids D) Accessibility
26. In South Asia, what contributes to high out-of-school rates for CWDs?
A) Funding B) Populations C) Marginalisation D) Stigma
27. Which South Asian law exemplifies policy but weak implementation?
A) Act B) Goals C) Rights D) Convention
28. In the global Full Inclusion model, what is the first placement option for CWDs?
A) Pilots B) Classroom C) Units D) Institutions
29. Which countries exemplify the Integration/Mainstreaming model?
A) Sweden B) Pakistan C) Europe D) Italy
30. What characterises the Segregated/Special System Dominance model?
A) IEPs B) De-categorisation C) Institutions D) Resources
31. In the US IDEA model, which principle favours inclusion?
A) Token B) Deficit C) Restrictive D) Least
32. What trend is prominent in Nordic countries like Sweden for inclusion?
A) Stigma B) Functional C) De-categorisation D) Categorisation
33. In developing countries like South Asia, what stifles inclusive policy implementation?
A) Rates B) Training C) Data D) Poverty
34. What international convention has Pakistan signed to commit to inclusive education?
A) Declaration B) Act C) Disabilities D) Goals
35. In Sindh's transition, how can Special Education knowledge be leveraged?
A) Devolution B) Capacity C) Elimination D) Segregation
36. Which authority regulates teacher education standards in Sindh?
A) PITE B) NACTE C) UNICEF D) STEDA
37. Which outdated programs is STEDA phasing out in favour of modern degrees?
A) Associate B) Primary C) Master's D) Honours
38. What is a major governance failure in Sindh's teacher education?
A) Measures B) Elimination C) Interference D) Mechanisms
39. Which corrupt practice devalues teacher degrees in Sindh?
A) Postings B) Assessments C) Practicums D) Copying
40. Which infrastructural deficiency hampers pedagogy in Sindh public sector schools?
A) Libraries B) Learning C) Electricity D) Resources
41. In global best practices, what degree is required for teachers in Finland?
A) Intermediate B) Masters C) Honours D) Diploma
42. Which characterises Finland's teacher selection process?
A) Focus B) Appointments C) Competitiveness D) Selective
43. In Competency-Based Teacher Education (CBTE), what advances trainees?
A) Training B) Exams C) Mastery D) Time
44. How does CBTE integrate theory and practice?
A) Ethics B) Memorisation C) Application D) Lectures
45. In the comparative analysis, what is Sindh's entry bar for teaching?
A) Licensing B) Requirement C) Selectivity D) Status
46. Which pedagogical approach dominates in Sindh compared to global norms?
A) Differentiation B) Thinking C) Learner D) Teacher
47. Which global focus elevates teaching to a reflective profession?
A) Influence B) Knowledge C) Research D) Compliance
48. In Sindh, what undermines donor efforts like USAID?
A) Enforcement B) Resources C) Accountability D) Monitoring
49. What is essential for Sindh's teacher education to align with global standards?
A) Phasing B) Tolerance C) Reform D) Implementation
50. Which skill is most emphasised in curricula due to globalisation?
A) Critical B) Rote C) Contextual D) None
51. Cultural homogenisation is a challenge because global curricula often prioritise which knowledge system?
A) Indigenous B) Western C) Asian D) American
52. Which international curriculum system is cited as providing globally recognised qualifications?
A) PISA B) TOEFL C) IGCSE D) TIMSS
53. Inequity in access is exacerbated as elite international curricula are mostly accessible only to which students?
A) Disabled B) Public C) Rural D) Affluent
54. Curricula may narrow its scope by prioritising which market-driven subject areas?
A) STEM B) Literature C) History D) Ethics
✍️ By: Raja Bahar Khan Soomro
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